DYSLEXIA
Essential Guidelines

Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty that primarily affects reading, writing, and spelling skills. It can also impact processing speed, memory, and organisation. Dyslexia occurs independently of intelligence and is thought to result from differences in how the brain processes language.

Dyslexia is believed to have a genetic basis, often running in families. It arises from differences in brain function, particularly in areas associated with language processing, rather than from a lack of effort or teaching.

Dyslexia affects approximately 10% of the population, with varying degrees of severity. It is one of the most common learning difficulties.

Signs of dyslexia vary but can include:

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• Difficulty with reading accuracy and fluency.

• ​Poor spelling and frequent reversals of letters or numbers (e.g., 'b' and 'd').

• ​Challenges with writing, organisation, or sequencing.

• ​Struggles with phonological awareness, such as recognising rhymes or breaking down words into sounds.

• ​Avoidance of reading or written tasks.

• ​Poor short-term memory and difficulty following instructions.

Signs of dyslexia may appear as early as preschool, particularly if a child struggles to recognise letters or sounds. Formal identification often occurs in primary school when reading and writing demands increase.

Yes, dyslexia can remain undiagnosed into adulthood, especially in cases where coping strategies have masked difficulties. Adults with dyslexia may face challenges in reading, organisation, or learning new skills.

A formal assessment is conducted by an educational psychologist or a specialist teacher trained in dyslexia. The evaluation includes:

• Tests of reading, writing, and spelling.

• Assessments of phonological processing and working memory.

• Analysis of academic history and challenges.

No, dyslexia is not a medical condition and cannot be diagnosed through a medical test like a blood test or brain scan. It requires educational assessment.

Effective strategies include:

• Multisensory teaching methods that engage sight, sound, and touch.

• Explicit, systematic phonics instruction.

• Breaking tasks into smaller, manageable steps.

• Providing extra time for reading, writing, and exams.

• Encouraging the use of assistive technologies like text-to-speech software.

 Parents can:

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• Read together daily to build confidence and fluency.

• Use audiobooks to support comprehension and foster a love of stories.

• Practise phonics games to strengthen sound-letter connections.

• Maintain a positive attitude and celebrate small successes to boost self-esteem.

• Advocate for support and accommodations at school.

Most children with dyslexia can thrive in mainstream schools with appropriate support and accommodations. Special schools or programmes may be beneficial for those with severe challenges or additional learning difficulties.

Schools can support dyslexic students by:

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• Offering additional time for tests and assignments.

• Allowing the use of assistive technologies, such as word processors and speech-to-text software.

• Providing tailored Individual Education Plans (IEPs).

• Offering oral exams or alternative assessment methods.

No, while reading, writing, and spelling are most commonly impacted, dyslexia can also affect memory, time management, organisation, and attention to detail.

No, dyslexia is a neurological difference and is not caused by a lack of effort or poor teaching. However, structured support can significantly improve outcomes.

Absolutely not. Dyslexia is unrelated to intelligence. Many people with dyslexia are highly creative and excel in fields such as art, design, and problem-solving.

Dyslexia is not a condition that can be cured, but with the right strategies and support, individuals with dyslexia can overcome challenges and achieve success in their education and careers.

People with dyslexia often excel in:

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• Creative thinking and problem-solving.

• Strong spatial awareness.

• Exceptional verbal communication.

• Innovative and out-of-the-box approaches to challenges.

My Realia provides tailored support to help children with dyslexia overcome challenges and succeed in their literacy journey.

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• Personalised Instruction: Lessons are customised to address each child’s unique needs in reading, writing, and spelling.

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• Phonics-Based Teaching: Structured, multisensory approaches help children connect sounds to letters and improve decoding skills.

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• Multisensory Learning Techniques: Activities engage sight, sound, and touch to make learning more effective and enjoyable.

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• Assistive Technology: Tools like text-to-speech and spell-checkers are introduced to support independent learning.

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• Building Confidence: A focus on positive reinforcement and small, achievable goals helps children build self-esteem and motivation.

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• Family Collaboration: Parents are actively involved, ensuring support extends beyond lessons into the home environment.

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At My Realia, we create a nurturing space where children with dyslexia can thrive and unlock their potential.